ADJECTIVE WITH –ED AND – ING
·
We use Past Participle ( Adjective end in – ed )
to describe the emotion of a person.
1. A : How do you feel ?
B : I’m confused
2. I’m not
interested in writing.
·
We use Present Participle ( Adjective ending in
–ing ) to describe the thing or person
that causes the emotion .
1. A : What was the lesson like ?
B :
It’s exciting.
2. Some
stories are interesting.
Here are some common –ed and –ing adjectives :
Bored Boring Annoyed Annoying
Disapointed Disapointing Confused Confusing
Embarrased Embarrassing Excited Exciting
Interested Interesting Frightened Frightening
Surprised Surprising Tired Tiring
Practice
Please put the appropriate adjectives.
1. I have nothing to do. I feel ___________.
It’s really a ___________ day ( bored /
boring )
2. I
am studying. That loud music is ___________. I’m __________. ( annoyed / annoying
).
3. I’m
not really __________ in playing the gamelan. I think playing the gamelan is
not an _________ activity at all. (interested / interesting )
4. She
gets _________ . She can’t do the homework. Her mathematics homework is
__________ . (confused / confusing )
5. We
were all __________ by the exhibition. It was really _________. ( excited /
exciting )
6. The
children were very _____________ last night after watching the ____________
film . ( frightened / frightening )
7. When
I arrived at the party, I realized that I hadn’t worn my shoes. It was an
__________ experience. I got __________. ( embarrassed / embarrassing )
8. Sandra
felt _________. The film was not as good as she had expected. It was
__________. ( disappointed / disappointing )
9. He
is a __________ person. He always talks about the same things again and again.
He never gets __________ talking about the same things. (bored / boring )
10. Alwi
works in a restaurant as a waiter. He has to serve the customers from 8 a.m. to 4 a.m. Sometimes he thinks working as a waiter is
__________. He always feel __________ after work. ( tired / tiring )
USED TO
We use used to + base form for pas habits.
Andi drank milk when he was a
child.
Andi used to drink milk.
- Andi doesn’t drink milk any longer.
Grandma didn’t watch TV when she
was young.
Grandma didn’t use to watch TV.
- She watches TV now.
+ She/He/It/I/They/We used to eat porridge.
- She/He/It/I/They/We din’t use to porridge.
? Did She/He/It/I/They/We use to eat porridge ?
+ She/He/It/I/They/We used to
be naughty.
- She/He/It/I/They/We din’t use to be naughty.
? Did She/He/It/I/They/We use to be naughty ?
Make sentences with used to / didn’t use to about these situations.
1. Riko was a naughty boy 5 years ago.
Riko used to be a naughty boy.
2. My father worked in an office from 1980 to
1999. Now he is a farmer.
3. Butet has a new computer. It is her first
computer.
4. Now Miss Anin teaches Mathematics. From 2001
to 2004 she taught English.
5. Nisa goes to SMP 5 now. She went to SMP 66
when she was in the 1st and 2nd year. |
|
6. Rudy listened to Joshua. He listens to Avril Lavigne now.
 |
7. 7. Last year Deden had 6 birds. Now, he has only
one bird.
8. Lita was fat when she was a child. Now she is
slim.
|
9. Mr. Frans drives a car now. Las year he still
rode a motorcycle.
 |
10. Mrs. Abdullah lived in Banda Aceh. She lives in
Jakarta now.
|
|
|
EXPRESSING
PURPOSE
Look and Learn.
Here
are some sentence in Ia :
·
I went to the police station to report
the incident.
·
I’m going to the Immigration Office to
get a new passort.
We
use to infinitive to express pur purpose. It answers the
question ‘Why ?’
Remember,
we do not express our purpose this way :
o
I went to the police station for reporting
the incident.
o
I’m goint to the Immigration Office for
getting a new passport.
a. What
are their purpose ?
Answer the questions below. Pay attention
to their tenses.
1. Why do people study English ?
People
study English to get a good job.
People
study English to have friends from abroad.
People
study English to pass the exam.
2. Why do people go to school ? |
3. Why did Vincent go to hospital ?
 |
4. Why is Budi going to the florist ?
|
5. Why are the children going to the park ?
 |
6. Why did Ms. Saskia go to the bank ?
|
7. Why do you get up early ?
|
8. Why are you going to the library ?
|
9. Why did they go to the police office ?
|
10. Why does Miss. Sumita go to work ?
b. A
surprise party for Butet
Complete the sentences below. Use the words
in the box to help you.
Butet’s
mother has been very busy. She is planning a surprise for Butet’s birthday.
First, Butet’s mother went to the bank to
(1)__________ some money. After that she went to Chantique to (2)__________ a
new dress for Butet. Then she went to Yummy Resto to (3)__________ a place
there. Next she went to Enak bakery to (4)__________ a birthday cake. Then she
went to Iwan’s house to (5)__________ about the surprise party.
Tomorrow evening Butet’s mother and father
are going to Miss Kholifah’s house to (6)__________ her to the party. Afetr
that they are going to bookstore to (7)__________ a present for Butet. Finally
the day after tomorrow they are going to Yummy Resto together to (8)__________
Butet’s birthday.
ADVERBS OF MANNER
Here are some sentences :
·
If you want to be healthy, you must do the
sports regularly.
·
You move suddenly
and quickly.
·
You move all the time and rhythmically.
·
They make your blood circulate easily.
Regularly, suddenly, rhythmically, and easily are called adverbs of manner. They
tell you the way somebody does something or the way something happens.
Here
are moe examples :
·
She walks slowly.
·
He cries loudly.
·
He eats sloppily.
·
She sleeps soundly.
How to form adverb of manner
Most adverbs of manner have –ly at the end,
for examples :
§
Slow slowly
§
sad sadly
§
quick quickly
§
quiet quietly
§
loud loudly
§
careful carefully
§
polite politely
§
rude rudely
§
soft softly
Noice where the ‘Y’ changes to ‘i’.
§
crazy crazily
§
happy happily
§
sleepy sleepily
§
lazy lazily
§
sloppy sloppily
Some adverbs of manner are different.
§
Good well
§
Hard hard
§
Fast fast
Complete the sentences with the correct
adverds of manner.
1. Shinta is a good badminton player. She palys
badminton _____________
2. Wahyu is a fast runner. He runs _____________
3. The football coach has a very loud voice. He
always speaks _______________
4. Nadia is an accurate gymnast. She lands on the balance beam _______________
5. The spectators at the stadium were very
noisy. They supported their team _____________
6. Fishing needs patient because people must
wait _______________
7. Tony is a diligent athlete. He practices
______________
8. The cheerleaders are very energetic. They
cheer and dance _______________
USING CAUSATIVE
VERBS
HAVE
/ GET / MAKE / LET
Look and Learn.
Here
are some sentences :
·
You can have
your body tattooed.
·
A girl is having
her hair braided.
·
They are going to have their faces painted
Those
sentences above are using the construction of Causative Have / Get. We use causative
have / get when we do not do the things ourselves but other people do it
for us. The past participles
(tattooed, braided, and painted) are used after have / get to give a passive
meaning.
Here are some common mistakes :
o
I go to the hairdresser to cut my hair.
o
I went to the tailor to make a dress.
The correct sentences are :
o
I go to the hairdresser to have / get my hair cut.
o
I went to the tailor to have / get a dress made.
There
are two kinds of causative structure (both are applicable for all English
Tenses).
I. The
Active Causative Structure.
SUBJECT
|
CAUSATIVE VERB
|
AGENT
|
ACTION
VERB
(+
OBJECT)
|
|
Ratna
|
Has
|
Her
driver
|
Pick
Lina up
|
To
give someone the responsibility to something (to ask someone to do something).
|
Ratna
|
Gets
|
Lina
|
To
go to Bali
|
to
convince to do something (to persuade someone to do something).
|
Mrs. Arman
|
Will
get
|
Lina
|
To
unpack her luggage
|
|
Made
|
To
force someone to do something
|
|||
Arman
|
Let
|
Lina
|
Go
to Ratna’s house
|
II. The
Passive Causative Structure.
SUBJECT
|
CAUSATIVE
VERB
|
OBJECT
|
ACTION
VERB
|
We
|
Had
|
Our
lunch
|
Prepared
|
You
|
Got
|
The
rice
|
Cooked
|
Ratna
|
Has
|
Her
car
|
drived
|
Note : - The causative verbs can be
used in any tenses.
- The
forms are changed according to the tenses.
Passive
CausativeHas/Have/Get + Past Participle / verbs III
Example
:
v
Someone washes my car Simple Present Tense
-
I have my car washed
-
I get my car washes
v
Somebody stole her car Simple Past Tense
-
She had her car stolen
-
She got her car stolen
v
He will cut his hair Future Tense
-
He will have his hair cut
-
He will get his hair cut
v
They should write that poem Past Future
-
They should have that poem written
-
They should get that poem written
Exercises
: Change the following sentences into causative forms by using “Have” or “Get” !
1. People built her house a year ago.
2. Someone repairs my broken windows.
3. I have ironed my skirt.
4. You must renew your contract.
5. Rini should mail those letters.
6. Somebody cleaned his house yesterday.
7. We explain everything to them.
8. Ida has shined her shoes.
THE USE OF “IT”
Kata
it mempunyai 2 kegunaan yaitu :
1. Sebagai pronoun (kata ganti benda) untuk
menggantikan bentuk kata benda tunggal. Bentuk
jamak “it” adalah “they”.
Contoh :
-
I just bought a car. It is in the garage now.
-
I have two cars. They are in the garage now.
-
A : Is this pen your’s ?
B : Yes, it is
No, it isn’t
- A : Are
those books yours ?
B : Yes,
they are
No, they aren’t
2. Sebagai preposition ( pendahulu kalimat) bila
untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan :
1. Time (waktu)
2. Situation / Circumstance (keadaan/hal)
3. Distance (jarak)
Dalam hal ini “it” berkedudukan sebagai “meaningless
subject” atau pokok kalimat yang
tidak mempunyai arti.
Contoh :
It is 9 o’clock now Time
It is so sad tobe alone Circumstance
It is cloudy today Situation
It is 5 km to go to the zoo from here Distance
Bentuk “It
is” juga mempunyai variasi tenses dalam pemakaiannya.
Bandingkanlah
:
It
is so glad to meet you again (
Present Tense )
It
was Friday yesterday (
Past Tense )
It
will be nice to go there (
Future Tense )
It
has been so long since he died (
Perfect Tense )
Exercises
:
1. It
easy to do
such a work.
2. It rainy season next
October.3. It raining hard for
two hours.4. It a pity you didn’t
meet her.5. It time to go to
bed.6. It glad to meet you
again next year.7. It important to have
a lot of friends8. It here when I saw
her.
9. It up to you ! You may come with us.
10. It Cloudy since this
morning.
ING – FORMS
Kata
kerja + ing mempunyai 3 kegunaan yaitu :
I. Sebagai predikat kalimat bentuk sedang atau
continuos tense dan sebagai kata kerja yang sebenarnya.
Contoh : - Mr. Lukito is reading a
newspaper.
- I
was having dinner when telephone rang.
- We
were studying when Alice
came in.
II. Sebagai obyek atau subyek suatu kalimat yang
berfungsi sebagai noun atau kata benda. Kata benda yang terbentuk dari Verb +
ing di sebut Gerund.
Gerund
adalah kata kerja yang di bendakan atau dijadikan kata benda.
Contoh
:
v
Subject : -
Water make me fresh
Walking
- Food make her sleepy
Waiting
v
Object : -
I like bakso
Dancing
- He dislike that man
- He dislike that man
waiting
Gerund mempunyai 2 (dua)
kegunaan yaitu :
a). Digunakan dibelakang
kata kerja tertentu, misalnya : stop, avoid, keep, mind, enjoy, finish, deny,
permit, risk, admid, appreciate, imagine.
Contoh : - I can not stop loving you
- She always keeps smiling to everybody
- Mr. Hadi doesn’t mind helping us
- I enjoyed dancing with Ina last night
- The doctor advised me to stop smoking
cigarettes
- The servant denies stealing my money
b). Diletakkan di belakang Preposition / kata
depan yang tertentu, misalnya : in, on, without, by, before, after, of, with,
etc.
Contoh : - Iam
interested in studying English
- Angga is
fond of reading a novel
- She went out
without asking my permission
- The thief
broke my house by breaking the window.
III. Verb +
ing dapat pula digunakan sebagai adjective / kata sifat untuk menerang kata
benda di belakangnya. Kata sifat yang demikian disebut present participle.
Contoh : - Waiting room - Folding bed
- Sleeping pills - Sleeping bag
- Driving license - Rolling stone
- Sewing machine - Swimming pool
- Dining room - Filling cabinet
- Rocking chair - Flying saucer
- Stepping stone - Sliding door
- Walking stick - Rolling door, ect.
Berdasarkan
kaitannya dengan kata kerja yang lain, kita dapat mengelompokkan kata kerja
sebagai beriktut :
1). Verbs +
Gerund
Terdapat
kata kerja tertentu yang selalu diikuti “Gerung”, misalnya setelah stop, mind,
avoid, keep, enjoy, finish, deny, permit, risk, admit, appreciate, imagine,
dislike, consider.
Example : - I
can not stop loving you
- She always keeps smiling to everybody
- Mr. Hadi doesn’t mind helping us
- I enjoyed dancing with Ina last night
2). Verbs +
Gerund
To infinitive
Kelompok
kata kerja berikut ini mempunyai dua cara pemakaian yaitu bias diikuti “Gerund”
atau “To infinitive”. Kata kerja tersebut adalah : begin, start, continue,
like, love, cease, hate, prepare, intend, prefer, state, neglect, propose.
Example : - I
hate waiting (to wait) too long
- They love eating (to eat) in that restaurant
- We start studying (to study) at 7.30 a.m.
3). Verbs +
To + Infinitive
Kelompok
kata kerja ini hanya dapat diikuti oleh “To + Infinitive“. Kata kerja tersebut
adalah : arrange, agree, hesitate, determine, manage, care, try, swear,
consent, endeavour, refuse, decide, learn, undertake, ect.
Example : - Please,
don’t hesitate to ask !
- They manage to finish their work at last
- Rina refuse to stay here longer
- I decide to go to Bali on my
coming vacation
- We try to do our best
4). Verbs +
Bare Infinitive
Kelompok
kata kerja ini diikuti hanya oleh kata kerja asal saja (tampa to, ing, s/es). Kata kerja tersebut
adalah make, let, see, hear, observe, watch, notice, help, feel, smell, etc.
Example : - You
made me cry (bukan cried/crying)
- Please, let her go
- She has helped me lift the table
- I saw him cross the street.etc
5). Go +
Ing.
Common
expressions with Go + Ing
Go beating go hiking go shopping
Go bowling go jogging go skating
Go camping go running go skiing
Go dancing go sailing go swimming
Go fishing
Exercise
: Put the verb in brakets in coorect form !
1). I hate (see) __________ you (work) _________
so hard.
2). Will you advise her (stop) _________ (smoke)
_________ so much ?
3). Is he going (keep) ________ (tell) ________
me that he is right ?
4). They enjoy (dance) __________ until late at
night.
5). Don’t ever let me (find) _________ you
(day-dream) __________.
6). I must (ask) _________ you (stop) __________
(interfere) __________ .
7) You are supposed (obey) __________ my order
without (ask) any more questions.
8). Could you (manage) __________ (finish)
__________ (pack) __________ your suitcase by 7 o’clock ?
9). Would you (mind) __________ (speak)
__________ louder ?
10). May I ask you (begin) __________ (eat)
__________ now without (wait) __________ for others (come) __________ .
11). I need (study) __________ tonight.
12). I enjoy (cook) __________ fancy meals.
13). Ellen started (talk) __________ about her
problem.
14). Bud and Sally have decided (get) __________
married.
15). We finished ( eat) __________ around seven.
16). Are you planning (take) __________ a vacation
this year ?
17). I like (meet) __________ new people.
18). The Wilson’s went (camp) __________ in
National Park last summer.
19). My roommate offered (help) __________ me with
my Englis.
20). It begin (snow) ___________ yesterday in the
middle of afternoon.
QUESTION TAG
I. Statement positif diberi “tag” negative.
Statement Tag
Contoh : Mr.
Ramlan is very handsome, isn’t he ?
Statement Tag
They
were here last night, weren’t they ?
II. Statemernt negative diberi “tag” positif.
Statement Tag
Contoh : Mr.
Ramlan isn’t very handsome, is he ?
Statement Tag
They weren’t here last
night, were they ?
III. Statement yang memiliki unsure “Auxiliary Verb” atau kata kerja Bantu
dalam bentuk “tag”nya kata kerja bantu tersebut
diulang lagi dalam bentuk yang berlawanan.
Contoh : - They will come here immediately, won’t they ?
- They won’t come here immediately, will they ?
- Budi has done the homework well, hasn’t he ?
- Budi hasn’t done the homework well, has he ?
IV. Statement dengan unsure “Verb” atau kata kerja dalam pembentukan “tag” nya kita gunakan “to do” (do, does, did ) sesuai dengan
tense dari statement itu sendiri.
Contoh : - Mr. Hasim goes to his office, doestn’t ?
- They visited a museum yesterday, didn’t they ?
- They didn’t visit a museum yesterday, did they ?
- You take my money, don’t you ?
- You don’t take my money, do you ?
Note : 1.
I am a student, aren’t ?
2. I am not a student, am I ?
3. Johan never palys truant, does he ?
4. There are your books, aren’t they ?
5. There are some books on the table, aren’t there ?
6. Let’s go there now, shall we ?
7. Everyone is happy, aren’t they ?
8. Don’t come late again, will you ?
Exercises
: Supply the sentences with suitable Question
Tag !
1. The boy overthere is your brother, __________
?
2. We musn’t do that, __________ ?
3. Your grandmother has a new car, __________ ?
4. Those aren’t my pencils, __________ ?
5. I was there last night, __________ ?
7. He wrote the letter last month, __________ ?
8. You have been to Bali,
___________ ?
9. We will visit her soon, __________ ?
10. I am your close friend, __________ ?
11. One of the girls can’t dance, ________ ?
12. Our parents always take us for a picnic,
__________ ?
13. This is what we really want, __________ ?
14. Jose is very friendly, __________ ?
15. Vita likes her new doll very much, _________ ?
PREPOSITION
Preposition
(preposisi / kata depan) adalah suatu kata yang menghubungkan benda,
menerangkan tempat, arah, waktu atau tujuan.
Macam-macam
preposition antara lain :
In = di For = untuk / karena / selama
At = di / pada Of = dari
To = untuk / kepada / ke From = dari
Into = kedalam With = dengan
Before = sebelum After = setelah / sesudah
Within = dengan Without = tampa
Beside = disamping Inside = didalam
Outside = diluar Near = dekat
Behind = di
belakang In
front of = di depan
On = di atas / pada Under = di bawah
Above = di
atas Bellow = di bawah
Over = di atas Besides = selain
Between = diantara By = dengan / oleh /
menjelang
Among = diantara
Contoh
: 1. John listened to
the radio.
2. Anita sits behind
the floor.
3. They will come on the next year.
Exercises
: Fill the blanks with the correct preposition !
1. There are books ………. The table.
2. I put my ruler ………. my bag.
3. The lamp is ………. my head.
4. She comes ………. America.
5. The plane flies ……… the houses.
6. The necklace is made ……… gold.
7. The boys sit ………. the tree.
8. Rudi is hiding …….. the door.
9. The climbers stopped 400 metres ………. the top
of the mountain.
10. The temperature is three degrees ……… zero.
11. Dadang is standing ………. Arif and Totok.
12. We wash our hands ……….. we eat something.
13. Maryam is sitting ………. Rosihan, Nabila and
Nunik.
14. Someone is knocking ………. the door.
15. We go to Surabaya
……….. Bus.
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